Astronomy Picture of the Day

   [1]Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
      fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
                    written by a professional astronomer.

                               2021 October 5
   [2]The picture shows the sun rising last week at the South Pole during
   equinox. A communications tower marks the foreground, and the Sun shows
   a green flash at the top. Please see the explanation for more detailed
                                information.

                          Sunrise at the South Pole
   Image Credit & Copyright: [3]Martin Wolf ([4]U. Wisconsin), [5]IceCube
                Neutrino Obs., [6]NSF; [7]ht: [8]Alice Allen

   Explanation: Sunrise at the South Pole is different. Usually a
   [9]welcome sight, it follows months of darkness -- and begins months of
   sunshine. At [10]Earth's poles, it can [11]take weeks for the Sun to
   rise, in contrast with just minutes at any mid-[12]latitude location.
   [13]Sunrise at a pole is caused by the [14]tilt of the Earth as it
   orbits the [15]Sun, not by the [16]rotation of the Earth. Although at a
   pole, an airless Earth would first see first Sun at an [17]equinox, the
   [18]lensing effect of the [19]Earth's atmosphere and the size of the
   [20]solar disk causes the top of the Sun to appear about two-weeks
   early. Pictured two weeks ago, the Sun peaks above the horizon of a
   [21]vast [22]frozen [23]landscape at Earth's South Pole. The true
   [24]South Pole is just a few meters to the left of the communications
   tower. This polar sunrise capture was particularly photogenic as the
   Sun appeared capped by a [25]green flash.

                     Tomorrow's picture: streaming orion
     __________________________________________________________________

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    Authors & editors: [37]Robert Nemiroff ([38]MTU) & [39]Jerry Bonnell
                                 ([40]UMCP)
          NASA Official: Phillip Newman [41]Specific rights apply.
              [42]NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
                A service of: [43]ASD at [44]NASA / [45]GSFC
                           & [46]Michigan Tech. U.

References

   1. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html
   2. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2110/SouthPoleSunRise_Wolf_6279.jpg
   3. https://icecube.wisc.edu/news/life-at-the-pole/2020/11/meet-icecube-2020-2021-winterovers-josh-and-martin/
   4. https://icecube.wisc.edu/
   5. https://icecube.wisc.edu/about-us/overview/
   6. https://www.nsf.gov/
   7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat_tip
   8. http://ascl.net/wordpress/about-ascl/people/alice_allen/
   9. https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51ZjBEW+qNL._AC_.jpg
  10. https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/internal_resources/264/
  11. https://www.nasa.gov/analogs/nsf/sunrise_sunset
  12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitude
  13. https://youtu.be/Xi4MaJKd1gA
  14. https://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sfigs/Stilt.gif
  15. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/overview/
  16. https://youtu.be/LUW51lvIFjg
  17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinox
  18. https://www.quora.com/Why-can-the-sun-be-seen-for-a-few-minutes-before-it-rises-above-the-horizon
  19. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/science/atmosphere-layers2.html
  20. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap040623.html
  21. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap111211.html
  22. https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/10/01/south-pole-coldest-winter-record/
  23. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap111211.html
  24. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole
  25. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap140604.html
  26. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211004.html
  27. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html
  28. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/apsubmit2015.html
  29. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/aptree.html
  30. https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
  31. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/calendar/allyears.html
  32. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod.rss
  33. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/edlinks.html
  34. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html
  35. http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=211005
  36. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211006.html
  37. http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
  38. http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
  39. https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
  40. http://www.astro.umd.edu/
  41. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html#srapply
  42. https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
  43. https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  44. https://www.nasa.gov/
  45. https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
  46. http://www.mtu.edu/